In this review of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in children with diabetes, physicians observe "There is, however, an increasing body of evidence that hyperglycemia may beget further hyperglycemia through neurobehavioral pathways, and that hyperglycemia can be associated with anatomic as well as cognitive alterations in central nervous system morphology and function." and recommend that "all children with diabetes have neuropsychologic testing shortly after diabetes diagnosis and engage in early initiation of educational, cognitive and behavior modifying interventions in order to address maladaptive behaviors."